Factors associated with covid-19 that trigger oral infections in the child population / Factores asociados al covid-19 desencadenantes de infecciones bucodentales en la población infantil

La presencia de un nuevo coronavirus se propagó de manera inesperada alrededor de todo el mundo, desencadenando una crisis mundial sin precedentes. Ya para el año 2020, habían más de 7,9 millones de casos, y 434.796 muertes, en más de 200 países. En ese momento, se implementaron medidas de aislamiento y distanciamiento social en todo el mundo para contener el acelerado propagación de covid-19; entre las consecuencias, las clínicas dentales, se cerraron temporalmente y se suspendió la atención dental electiva, lo que conllevó a un aumento en el desarrollo de enfermedades bucodentales. Con relación a los niños y jóvenes, hubo un aumento en este tipo de enfermedades. Los niños se vieron obligados a pasar la mayor parte de su tiempo en el hogar con la adquisición de hábitos alimentarios incorrectos, ingesta de refrescos y bebidas energéticas que, además de contener altas cantidades de azúcares, su contenido ácido produce erosión dental y hace que el esmalte tejido menos resistente al ataque de bacterias cariogénicas. En este trabajo se analizó una población de 96 niños en edad escolar durante un periodo de dos años de 2020 al 2022. Los resultados mostraron que 100% de los escolares presentaron caries dentales al momento de su evaluación en enero 2022, mientras que 47% del total presentaron dientes obturados y el 64% del total de casos, perdieron algunas de sus piezas dentales. Estos resultados son, posiblemente, debido al desconocimiento de los escolares sobre la higiene para la prevención de las caries dental y sus consecuencias, siendo la más perjudicial la pérdida prematura de dientes temporales, lo que hace necesario implementar programas sobre la promoción y prevención en la salud bucodental en escolares, docentes, y padres y representantes(AU)

The presence of a new coronavirus spread unexpectedly around the world, triggering an unprecedented global crisis. By 2020, there were more than 7.9 million cases, and 434,796 deaths, in more than 200 countries. At that time, isolation and social distancing measures were implemented around the world to contain the accelerated spread of covid-19; Among the consequences, dental clinics were temporarily closed, and elective dental care was suspended, which led to an increase in the development of oral diseases. In relation to children and young people, there was an increase in this type of illness. The children were forced to spend most of their time at home with the acquisition of incorrect eating habits, intake of soft drinks and energy drinks that, in addition to containing high amounts of sugar, their acid content produces dental erosion and makes the enamel tissue less resistant to attack by cariogenic bacteria. In this work, a population of 96 school-age children was analyzed during a two-year period from 2020 to 2022. The results showed that 100% of the schoolchildren had dental caries at the time of their evaluation in January 2022, while 47% of the total had filled teeth and 64% of the total cases lost some of their teeth. These results are possibly due to the lack of knowledge of schoolchildren about hygiene for the prevention of dental caries and its consequences, the most damaging being the premature loss of temporary teeth, which makes it necessary to implement programs on promotion and prevention in the oral health in schoolchildren, teachers, and parents and representatives(AU)

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials on survival rate of atraumatic restorative treatment compared with conventional treatment on primary dentition.

Background: In this COVID era, it's critical to promote nonaerosol procedures. Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) is one of them, and it's particularly effective in children for lowering anxiety, enhancing dental health, and giving restorative care. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the survival rate of ART compared with conventional treatment procedures in primary dentition. Materials and Methods: The review was done in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analysis statement and is been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021213729). The studies included comprised clinical investigations with randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which compared the survival rate of ART and conventional restorative treatments using the same or different restorative materials to treat carious lesion. RCTs in which ART was compared with conventional treatment on patients in the age group of 6-10 years with minimum follow-up of 6 months. Studies available as open access and free full text in PubMed, DOAJ, and Google Scholar databases, and published in English Language only were included in the study. Cochrane's collaboration tool for RCTs was used for the assessment of risk of bias. Results: The survival rate of single surface and multiple surface in primary dentition treated according to the ART compared with conventional treatment was found to be similar. Conclusion: The ART approach is equally helpful in managing dental caries in children and this method may be considered a useful intervention in clinical practice to enhance the dental health of children.

Glass hybrid versus composite for non-carious cervical lesions: Survival, restoration quality and costs in randomized controlled trial after 3 years.

OBJECTIVE: This study compared survival, restoration quality and costs of glass hybrid (GH; EQUIA Forte Fil/EQUIA Forte Coat) and resin composite restorations (RC; OptiBond FL/Filtek Supreme XTE) of sclerotic non-carious cervical lesions. METHODS: This is a cluster-randomized trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02631161). 88 patients (50-70 years) with 175 sNCCLs were randomized to receive GH or RC. Restorations were placed without mechanical cavity preparation and followed for a mean 36 (min/max: 31/55) months (variable follow-up due to COVID-19 lockdown). Restoration quality was re-evaluated at 1-, 18- and 36-months using FDI-criteria. Survival was assessed using multi-level Cox-regression analysis. Costs were estimated from a payer's perspective in Germany. Initial costs were determined based on micro-costing using time recordings and hourly costs, and follow-up costs based on statutory insurance fee-item-catalogues. RESULTS: 88 patients (175 restorations) were treated; 43 received GH (83 restorations), 45 RC (92 restorations). 17  GH and 19 RC showed total retention loss, 5  GH were partially lost (p = 0.396/Cox). FDI ratings were not sufficiently different for any domain except surface luster, where RC showed higher score (p < 0.001). Costs were initially lower for GH (32.57; SD 16.36 €) than RC (44.25; SD 21.40 €), while re-treatment costs were similar (GH: 9.15; SD 15.70 €; RC: 7.35; SD 14.51 €), resulting in significantly lower costs for GH (GH: 41.72; SD 25.08 €) than RC (51.60; 26.17 €) (p < 0.001/GLM). CONCLUSIONS: While survival was not significantly different, GH was significantly less costly both initially and long-term than RC for restoring non-carious cervical lesions. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Within this trial, survival was not significantly different between GH and RC to restore sclerotic NCCLs. As GH was significantly less costly both initially and long-term than RC, using RC was only cost-effective for payers willing to invest high additional expenses per minimal survival gains.

Stainless-steel crowns in children: Norwegian and Finnish dentists' knowledge, practice and challenges.

BACKGROUND: Stainless-steel crowns (SSCs) are recommended for restorative treatment of young teeth severely affected by caries, fractures or dental developmental disorders (DDDs). However, despite recommendations and clinical evidence, SSCs are not widely used by general dentists, who favour extraction and more conventional restorations. The present study aimed to investigate the views of and use of SSCs among Norwegian and Finnish dentists. METHODS: The present study was a cross-sectional survey among Norwegian and Finnish dentists. An electronic questionnaire was sent to Norwegian and Finnish dentists asking whether they used SSCs and on which indications. In addition, the questionnaire assessed reasons for non-use and dentists' perceptions regarding advantages and challenges in the use of SSCs, as well as the need for additional training. Distributions of background characteristics, use of and views on SSCs were calculated, and statistical significance of the associations between respondents' background and their answers were evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 574 Norwegian and 765 Finnish respondents, only 12.0% and 12.9% reported to use SSCs, respectively. The most frequently reported barrier reported by those who did not use SSCs was lack of practical training. The most frequent challenge reported by those using SSCs was difficulties in crown adjustment followed by aesthetic issues, and the most frequently reported advantage was that SSCs maintain the function and occlusion. The majority of respondents reported a need for more information and practical training in the use of SSCs, with hands-on course as their most frequently preferred education type. CONCLUSION: Although the value of SSCs for restoring young molars is recognized by Norwegian and Finnish dentists, SSCs are rarely used by general dentists. The majority of the respondents reported lack of training and materials and was interested in receiving more information and education.